In the first year of medical school, students typically learn about the following aspects of microbiology:

1. Types of microorganisms: This involves the study of the different types of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, and their characteristics and classification.

2. Microbial growth and metabolism: This involves the study of the conditions required for microbial growth, including temperature, pH, and nutrient requirements, and the metabolic processes of microorganisms.

3. Microbial genetics: This involves the study of the genetic material of microorganisms and how it is passed from one generation to the next.

4. Microbial pathogenesis: This involves the study of the mechanisms by which microorganisms cause disease, including the interactions between microorganisms and host cells and the production of virulence factors.

5. Immune system and microbiology: This involves the study of the human immune system and how it responds to microorganisms, including the different types of immunity and the mechanisms of immunological defense.

6. Diagnostic microbiology: This involves the study of the methods used to diagnose infectious diseases, including laboratory tests, such as cultures and sensitivity tests, and the use of diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays and CT scans.

7. Antimicrobial therapy: This involves the study of the use of antibiotics and other agents to treat infectious diseases, including the mechanism of action of antibiotics and the development of antibiotic resistance

8. Epidemiology of infectious diseases: This involves the study of the distribution, causes, and control of infectious diseases in populations. It is important for understanding the public health implications of infectious diseases and for developing strategies to prevent and control disease outbreaks.

9. Vaccines and immunization: This involves the study of the use of vaccines to prevent infectious diseases and the importance of vaccination programs in promoting public health.

10. Hospital-acquired infections: This involves the study of the mechanisms by which microorganisms can cause infections in healthcare settings and the strategies used to prevent and control these infections.

11. Environmental microbiology: This involves the study of the role of microorganisms in the environment and their impact on human health, including the study of waterborne and foodborne illnesses.

12. Microbial biotechnology: This involves the study of the use of microorganisms for industrial and medical purposes, including the production of fermented foods and beverages, the production of biodegradable plastics, and the use of microbes for bioremediation.

In conclusion, microbiology is an essential subject for medical students, as it provides a foundation for understanding the causes, mechanisms, and effects of infectious diseases and the strategies used to prevent and control these diseases. A solid understanding of microbiology is critical for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases and for promoting public health.